Lies My Teacher Told Me by James W. Loewen Essay -- Papers History Com

Untruths My Teacher Told Me by James W. Loewen Secondary school history course books are seen, by understudies, as introducing the final word on American History. Once in a while, if at any point, do they question what their content educates them concerning our aggregate past. As per James W. Loewen's Lies My Teacher Told Me, they ought to be. Loewen has invested significant energy and exertion looking into history messages that were composed for secondary school understudies. In Lies, he has checked on twenty messages and has contrasted them with the genuine history. Tragically, not one content matches the creator's desire for instructing understudies to think. What is more regrettable, however, is that understudies leave away from their classes without having built up the capacity to contemplate social life(Lies p.4). Loewen accuses this for how the present writings are composed. This paper will look at one content, The American Pageant, to Lies. Probably the most concerning issue with the present writings is the procedure of heroification. This procedure turns genuine individuals, from quite a while ago, into devout, ideal animals without clashes, agony, noteworthiness, or human interest(Lies p.9). A few models, including the lions from our history, in Pageant incorporate Christopher Columbus, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and Woodrow Wilson. Others are maligned, similar to Stephen A. Douglas, and John Brown. In Pageant Christopher Columbus is one of the main individuals named as applicable to our history. He is developed as a saint, with words, for example, a man of vision, vitality, creativity, and fearlessness used to portray him (Pageant p.4). We are informed that he realizes the world is round, however that no one will trust him. At long last he persuades Spain's rulers to finance him, and is given three small yet fit for sailing ships kept an eye on... ...ils to clarify why this tune was so famous. For this situation not giving the entirety of the realities about a verifiable figure is to that individual's impediment. The lengths that numerous course book journalists go to keep our history on a positive note, and to make saints out of a large number of our chronicled figures comes at a significant expense, as indicated by Loewen. These expenses incorporate wrong history, and exhausting history. The final products are understudies who despise history class, and who come out of those classes not prepared to consider our past in a judicious or cognizant manner. Reference index: Works Cited Thomas A. Bailey and David M. Kennedy. The American Pageant, A History of the Republic. Eighth release. D.C. Heath and Company: Lexington, Massachusetts, 1987. James W. Loewen. Falsehoods My Teacher Told Me, Everything Your American History Teacher Got Wrong. The New Press: New York, 1995.

The Invasions of Europe Essay Example for Free

The Invasions of Europe Essay On the later phase of the dull ages or the Middle Ages, Europe experienced loses from primitive assaults by Vikings, Magyars and Moslem trespassers which ran from mid ninth century up to eleventh century. These intrusions had made Roman Empire lost the vast majority of its property region just as the trust of individuals to the Christian chiefs. Vikings began their assault due to overpopulation in their country. They started things out to England then to Iona, Ireland and the remainder of the north and western part, annihilating the most edified piece of the locale and ravaging the rich exchanging focuses and religious communities. As each assault got effective, they would return in more numbers. Their attacks had gotten simpler on them since they had their sail ships contrasted with their prior intrusions which was by foot. Individuals began dreading to live in the waterfront locale. While a portion of the Vikings fight in the western portion of Mediterranean, some started settling in the northwest of France and the others came to Moslem Spain and Great Britain. Chieftains would pay off them all together for Vikings not to assault their towns. A few gatherings, for example, Danes started the obstruction and effectively protected England. As Normans settled down, they started to diminish in number. They got edified and were changed over to Christianity. They had lost their desire in ravaging. During that period, in the other piece of Europe, the Moslems had gone attacking Spain, compromising Italy, droving out Byzantines in Sicily and southern Italy. They nearly got into Rome. While Moslems proceeded with their assault in the Mediterranean, Magyars started attacking the east. These gatherings of intruders which all the while assaulted from all sides had encircled the European mainland. Magyars attacked Germany every year. They had gone through Germany, France, Burgundy, right to Italy. While some of them kept on pursueing their assaults at France, others left for Spain. Until the Magyar militaries were obliterated by a German lord Otto I, Europe got sheltered from intrusions.  â â â â â â â â â â All of these intrusions had added to the ruin of the rich Holy Roman Empire. Be that as it may, they encountered the most exceedingly awful assault from the Magyars fundamentally in light of the fact that during that time that they assaulted, Europe was at that point experiencing assaults of Vikings and Moslems. There were practically no enlightened locales left during that time and zones turned out to be less populated. They intrusion turned out to be so harming as they experienced synchronous assaults all sides.â As the Roman Empire will in general breakdown, they neglected to oppose these assaults prior in light of the fact that they had less warriors.â Some local people consume their fields not letting the brutes have it. The majority of the most extravagant parts were inclined to assault while cloisters were vigorously exposed to being demolished. Individuals endured vigorously. They lost their territories, job and their riches. As they grieve, they hurried to the congregation for comfort yet they were disillusioned as there were irregularities in the pioneer of the churches.â Some of them became burglars, miscreants, and killers and joined into domains of governmental issues. There were various substitutions of popes. At once there were â€Å"illegal doings† in the ecclesiastical castles. Some more likely than not lost their trust in their conviction. However, Christianity didn't end there. It was changed by Benedictine priests in France. As the Magyars were crushed during that time, they became changes over to Christianity and settled at Hungary. Vikings were additionally changed over to Christianity yet one of the fundamental reasons is that Christians didn’t need to exchange with and wed non-Christians. During the last course of Dark Ages, Europe bit by bit recuperated from the attack. Pioneers were delegated however had clashes with Christian pioneers. There were pressures between them about who had the best force. Thus the Dark Ages finished. References Kimball, C. (2001). Part 7: The Viking Era. A History of Europe. Recovered December 7,  â â 2007, from http://xenohistorian.faithweb.com/europe/eu07.html. Knight, J. (2001). The Carolingan Age. Medieval times: Almanac, 39-45. Recovered December 7,  2007, from http://www.4shared.com/record/28008239/b4f1dc89/Gale_- _Middle_Ages_Reference_Library_Vols1-5.html [database].

The 10 Best Colleges for Extroverts TKG

The 10 Best Colleges for Extroverts There are thousands of schools in the United States, and they’re pretty easy to sift through if you’re looking at binary determinators. Do they have an engineering program? Do they offer a study abroad program doing fieldwork in Madagascar? Do they have a themed living community for young men and women who wanted to be wizards but, after not receiving that invite to Hogwarts, have resigned themselves to a life in chemistry? All of those are important questions (they’re important for someone, ok, don’t judge), but they are also simple questions. They have yes or no answers.The atmosphere of a college, and whether it will work with your personality to help you grow into your best self, is less easily definable. There are huge colleges like the University of Alabama that are known as party schools, but that have many smaller communities perfect for those who aren’t up for tailgating. There are also small schools like Barnard that are nurturing and close-knit, but have a lot to offer applicants looking for a big city feel.We’ve found that one of the best ways to pinpoint what type of college atmosphere would be best for you is to first figure out whether you’re an extrovert or an introvert. There is a lot of confusion about the difference between extroverts and introverts, and we’ve written already a little about it on our list of colleges for introverts, but let’s get one thing perfectly straight: being an extrovert doesn’t mean that you run around like a wild thing talking people’s heads off at all hours of the day. An extrovert might do that, but being outgoing and bubbly isn’t a mandatory criterion. Similarly, introverts are not necessarily locking themselves every night.Put simply, an introvert gains energy from being alone. This doesn’t mean that they don’t like social situations, just that they recharge by taking some space for themselves. Extroverts, on the other hand, are energized by being surrounded by other people. You could think of it as an internal or external power source. Introverts are recharged by an internal power source that needs some alone time to kick in. Extroverts are recharged by an external power source - the kinetic energy of socialization (aka people).  If you know that you’re an extrovert, the question becomes: what do you need from a school?Again, a lot of people immediately jump to party schools. They think large, loud, an emphasis on athletic/sports culture, and a strong Greek life will make a place a perfect fit, and it might, but there is a lot more to an extroverted social scene than the cheering of a football stadium. Extroverts should look for schools that have an active social life on and off campus. Schools extroverts fit into best have many clubs and ample campus activities, as well as an emphasis on community meeting spaces that bring people together, as opposed to individual spaces that create private cubbyholes. Extroverts do well in communal living environments, for example, so they should look for suite-style housing and themed communities. Read on for 10 schools that we feel are great for extroverts, including a few you might not expect.1.         Brown University (Providence, RI) Brown is located in the heart of the City of Providence and students benefit from all that the city has to offer. With only 6,200 undergraduate students, Brown is intimate, but the accessibility of the city, and its proximity to Boston, fuel a strong social scene. Brown’s housing system emphasizes community closeness, but being actively involved outside of the classroom is a key part of the university’s culture. Also, if you like listening to brilliant minds, Brown’s campus event calendar will make you drool.2.         The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (Chapel Hill, NC) This one may be a bit stereotypical, but we stand by it. UNC Chapel Hill’s academics are stellar, but their campus life is legendary. Their strong athletic culture and significa nt Greek life, with dozens of fraternities and sororities that do over 35,000 hours of community service and raise over $400,000 for local and national philanthropies annually, contribute to their work hard, play hard reputation. The number of opportunities and size of the student body can be overwhelming for students who like smaller social groups, but if you’re up for being surrounded by thousands celebrating a Tar Heels victory, you’ll love it there.3.         Georgetown University (Washington, DC) Georgetown isn’t the most raucous campus, especially when compared to the big athletic schools, so it might seem like an unexpected pick, but DC has a lot to offer. From Friday nights out on the town to world-class networking and pre-professional opportunities that will help you get ahead of the curve, Georgetown is a great pick for outgoing students who love going out of their social comfort zone.4.         Barnard College (New York, NY) A women’s college with only 2,500 stude nts, Barnard’s tiny size is misleading. Part of the Columbia University family of undergraduate colleges, Barnard benefits from having a small student body built around community spaces, but that’s attached to a massive university with endless opportunities. Traditions like The Big Sub, where students line up to chow down on a sub that stretches the length of campus (average time of total consumption is 5 minutes) maintain the school’s close-knit feel while being in the middle of New York City makes just about anything possible.Read up on how to write the Barnard College supplement. 5.         New York University (New York, NY) Like Barnard, you have New York City at your fingertips, but this downtown school is known for amping things up even by city standards. For extroverts, though, the best part of NYU might just be their portal campus system. With campuses in Abu Dhabi and Shanghai, and global academic centers in places like Accra, Buenos Aires, and Prague, NYU makes it ea sy to explore the world while pursuing your degree at one of the best universities in the United States.6.         University of Colorado Boulder (Boulder, CO) The University of Colorado Boulder is a big university in a small city, but it doesn’t overrun its idyllic setting. Students are known for loving the outdoors and there is a huge amount of enthusiasm around getting outside with friends at every possible opportunity. This makes Boulder a great place for applicants who relish the opportunity to be part of a large community that’s all about stripping things down and getting back to basics.7.         Vanderbilt University (Nashville, TN) One word: Nashville. Music, southern charm, and a killer food culture make Vanderbilt a slam dunk for people with a social streak. Students are encouraged to take courses across the four undergraduate colleges, something you have to be up for breaking out of your safe bubble to take advantage of, and the schools on-campus housing rules create tight social circles within dorms of as many as 350.8.         The University of Southern California (Los Angeles, CA) We know, we know, we do remember that we said to look beyond the expected, but USC is known for both its rigorous academics and its raucous campus (and off-campus) life. Its diverse student body of 19,000 undergraduate students makes for a heck of a social scene steeped in sunny California culture.How to answer USC’s short answer and long answer questions. 9.         Middlebury College (Middlebury, VT) Middlebury isn’t a party school, but it’s a people school. Students are known for being outgoing and outdoorsy, and the lively campus life makes up for it’s quieter Central Vermont setting. Weekends are packed with plays, concerts, screenings, and parties, and the colleges 8:1 student-faculty ratio and small class sizes mean that you can’t get lost in the crowd. Students are expected to participate, to speak their mind, and to go out of their way to have (a nd share) an opinion.10.   The University of Texas at Austin (Austin, TX) What would this list be if we left out the U of T at Austin? Answer: a negligent one. The University is gigantic, the culture is rowdy, the city of Austin is stellar, and the annual SXSW conferences and festivals bring in world leaders, world class musicians, and have turned Austin into a tech and entrepreneurship hub. Sure, the football is great, but If you’re into startups and willing to put yourself out there, UT Austin is at the heart of the entrepreneurship movement.Curious about where you’d flourish? Hit us up. We’re good at getting people into their perfect fit

Marketing Management Debates - 1421 Words

Chapter 10 Brand extensions Good or Bad: Brand extensions are a good business growth strategy as it allows the company to organically grow revenue. However, extensions must be carefully evaluated and chosen to ensure that the related affect is what is expected. For example, the company needs to make sure that any extension to the brand supports those brand elements or attributes that customers associate with the brand. Any product extensions that conflict, deteriorate or dilute the brand. Brand extensions can be a profitable business growth strategy by associating the new product with the existing strong brand that the company has developed. For example, Nike started out as a running shoe manufacturer. They built their brand†¦show more content†¦Chapter 9 To develop an effective positioning, a company must study competitors as well as actual and potential customers. Marketers need to identify competitor’s strategies, objectives, strengths and weaknesses. Developing a positioning requires the determination of a frame of reference—by identifying target market and the resulting nature of the competition—and the optimal point of parity and points of difference brand associations * optimal point of parity and points of differentiation; that points of differences are associations and are strongly held and favorably evaluated by consumers; the key to competitive advantage is relevant brand differentiation; emotional branding is becoming a way to create product and brand differentiation: brand stories are growing in importance as are brand journalism, and cultural branding. 3 C’s of positioning: * Be Crystal clear: * Be Consumer based: * Be relevant and credible to the consumer * Write in consumer language and from consumers view point * Be Competitive: * Be distinctive * Focus on building brand elements into powerful discriminator * Be persuasive * Be sustainable Attributes and benefits: * Functionality and price: products and/or services with many features but at a low price— computers, automobiles, home appliances. †¢ Ease and completeness: products that are easy to use andShow MoreRelatedThe Interface Between Marketing And Management775 Words   |  4 PagesThis week I found an article in the Journal of Strategic Marketing. 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The Suffering of the Jews in the Holocaust - 1057 Words

After World War II ended on September 2, 1945 many Jews who were persecuted, were left with no family, possessions, or most importantly their homes. This lead to a great conflict of where they would live and with a push from German officials they were encouraged to emigrate. The Israelis needed a safe place to rehabilitate from the holocaust and deserved to reclaim their once homeland, Israel. Since the Jews were left homeless after World War II they have a right to reestablish Israel. â€Å"The suffering of the Jews in the Holocaust†¦ The United Nations decision to carve out a Jewish State was motivated in large part by sympathy for the devastation inflicted on European Jews† (Guardia 155). â€Å"Palestinians have usually regarded the holocaust†¦show more content†¦This not only caused Jews to be left homeless but so were the Palestinian people. Their superiority put them in a state of mind where it was either their land, or no land. However the Arabs did not care. They would rather live in the camps than have to share land. The Jews biggest advantage to win the war was the fact the Palestinians could not come together in unity. Since 1948 Arab leaders have approached the Palestine problem in an irresponsible manner. They have not looked into the future. They have no plan or approach. They have used the Palestine people for selfish political purposes. This is ridiculous and, I could say, criminal. - Jordans King Hussein, Associated Press, Jan 1960 (Middle East Refugees). The Arab National Committee of Haifa, told to the Arab League, quoted in The Refugee in the World, by Joseph B. Schechtman, 1963 ...our city flourished and developed for the good of both Jewish and Arab residents ... Do not destroy your homes with your own hands; do not bring tragedy upon yourselves by unnecessary evacuation and self-imposed burdens. By moving out you will be overtaken by poverty and humiliation† (Middle East Refugees). The Israelis had leadership. They knew a conflict was coming and united together. The Palestini ans on the other hand acted impulsively, destroyed their own homes, and did in fact bring poverty and humiliation on themselves. After the war these Jews did get to reclaim their homeland. Even though they won the war the conflictShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Era of Suffering: The Holocaust915 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the Holocaust, Jewish people suffered in numerous and various ways. Jews suffered as a part of the Nazi plotted â€Å"Final Solution.† The Final Solution was a plan during  World War II  to systematically exterminate the  Jewish people  in  Nazi-occupied Europe. This resulted in the most deadly phase of  the Holocaust, the destruction of Jewish communities in continental Europe. 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The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill - 1581 Words

Governments should be held responsible for dealing with environmental hazards resulting from previous resource use and environmental standards that are no longer acceptable today. Through the instances of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, the Kuwait Oil Fires, the Hurricane Katrina devastation and the Sydney Tar Ponds, this paper will develop an argument supporting the idea that governments should be given the responsibility to handle environmental hazards that result from the prior use of resources as well as environmental regulations that are no longer up to standard. Arguments/Examples I. The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill To begin, the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill was a man-made environmental disaster that occurred in 1989. On March 24, the Exxon Valdez oil tanker struck Bligh Reef and spilled 260,000 barrels of crude oil into the waters of Prince William Sound in Alaska (Piatt, Lensick, Butler, Kendziorek Nysewander, 1990). Eventually, this oil spread across 30,000 km ² of water, damaging ecosystems and marine life along the way (Piatt, 1990). Evidently, this oil spill is considered to be one of the most destructive man-made environmental disasters in history (Dimdam, 2013). Initial government response to the disaster proved challenging due to the remote location of Prince William Sound. As a result, this led to a slow and inadequate clean up of oil in the Alaskan waters. The oil clean up took approximately four years, until the clean up efforts were eventually called off by theShow MoreRelatedThe Exxon Valdez Oil Spill1718 Words   |  7 PagesThe Exxon Valdez A corporation has a moral duty to ensure that their products and operations do not cause harm to society and the environment. There are significant factors that must be taken into consideration to ensure the proper response is put forth if disaster rears its ugly head. Many times, when disaster strikes, companies do not always make the appropriate response, or they do not remediate the problem efficiently enough to maximize their efforts. The Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989 is aRead MoreThe Exxon Valdez Oil Spill1090 Words   |  5 PagesThis presentation features the Exxon Valdez oil spill, which significantly affected the environment in and around Valdez, Alaska. In this connection, Group D will explore: the background information of Prince William Sound, the oil business in Valdez and the event of the oil spill. Next, the team defines the problems – that is, the effects of the spill – what damage did it cause. After, we will diagnose the issues – meaning that the group intends to pinpoint the root causes of the problems. The nextRead MoreThe Exxon Valdez Oil Spill1663 Words   |  7 PagesThe Exxon Valdez oil spill was the largest oil spill in U.S history. It was a catastrophic disaster that the U.S swore to learn from. Twenty two years later as the prevention procedures became complacent, the Deepwater Horizon explosion made us re-examine our procedures as a nation. The Deepwater Horizon explosion is now the second worst oil spill in the world following the Gulf War Oil Spill in Kuwait in 1991. The U.S used similar techniques to clean the water as the Exxon Valdez clean up, howeverRead MoreThe Exxon Valdez Oil Spill1150 Words   |  5 PagesThe Exxon-Valdez oil spill occurred on March 24, 1989, when the tanker Exxon Valdez, transporting oil from Valdez, Alaska to Los Angeles, California, ran aground on the Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska. The root cause of the accident was the captain. After passing through Valdez Narrows , pilot Murphy left the vessel and Captain Hazelwood took over the wheelhouse. It was Captain Hazelwood who made the decision to steer the ship off its normal path in order to avoid a run in with ice. ForRead MoreThe Exxon Valdez Oil Spill1999 Words   |  8 PagesPart 1 – Briefly describe the Exxon Valdez oil spill: On March 24th 1989, the Exxon Valdez oil tanker ran aground in Prince William Sound Alaska, spilling roughly 10.8 gallons of crude oil polluting over a thousand miles of Alaska’s coast (Gerken, 2014). At its time, it was the worst oil spill in history, lasting for several days. It was caused by the negligence of the captain who was reportedly intoxicated at the time. The oil was very quickly dispersed over a wide area of land because of extremeRead More Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Essay1835 Words   |  8 Pages Exxon Valdez Oil Spill ABSTRACT nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In March of 1989, the Exxon Valdez oil tanker ran aground on Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska. An eighteen foot wide hole was ripped into the hull, and 10.9 million gallons of crude oil spilled into the ocean. In the following weeks, many things transpired. This paper will discuss the cleanup, the damage, and the results of the biggest oil spill in United States history. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On March 24, 1989, inRead MoreExxon Valdez Oil Spill Essay1855 Words   |  8 PagesExxon Valdez Oil Spill ABSTRACT In March of 1989, the Exxon Valdez oil tanker ran aground on Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska. An eighteen foot wide hole was ripped into the hull, and 10.9 million gallons of crude oil spilled into the ocean. In the following weeks, many things transpired. This paper will discuss the cleanup, the damage, and the results of the biggest oil spill in United States history. On March 24, 1989, in Prince William Sound Alaska, the Exxon Valdez was movingRead MoreThe Exxon Valdez And Bp Oil Spill1309 Words   |  6 PagesPitchon 12/11/12 References Gill, Duane A., J. Steven Picou, and Liesel A. Ritchie. The Exxon Valdez and BP oil spills: a Comparison of Initial Social and Psychological Impacts. American Behavioral Scientist (2011): 3-23. This article was concerned in identifying psychological impact of disasters. The article analyzed the psychological effects of the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill and the 2010 BP oil spill. The article discussed how years after these disasters the environment and the people feltRead MoreAnalysis of Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Essay1737 Words   |  7 PagesMahalia Gauld January 18, 2011 MGMT 2850 Case Study #1- Exxon Valdez Situation in Brief: On March 24, 1989, an Exxon supertanker spilled 11 million gallons of oil while traveling through the pristine waters of Alaska’s Prince William Sound. The consequences of this spill were detrimental and continue to affect life today. The oil spill killed thousands of wildlife, extensively damaged a portion of the beautiful Alaskan environment, and eventually affected the economy to global proportionsRead More Business Ethics and the 1989 Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Essay3442 Words   |  14 Pagesunderstand the difference between right and wrong. Since businesses touch such a large segment of our society, codes of ethics must be established and followed to protect the general public. In the following pages we will discuss the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill disaster and examine how it relates to (1) the state of business ethics since 2000, (2) examples of the classic schools of ethics - golden rule, golden mean, utilitarianism, and categorical imperative, (3) three challenges journa list face

Hospitality and Tourism in Australia-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Describe the Direct and Indirect Employment Opportunities available to you in the Future Tourism, Hospitality and Events Sector. In your Discussion reflect on the current growth, trends and Predictions for the Industry. Answer: In just less than a year, Australia expenditure from tourism grew to $ 121.2 billion surpassing that of mining sector which stood at $121 billion. From the above, it is a clear indication that there are increases in international and domestic tourists something worth noting that the industry is getting healthier. The research team responsible for tourism included local as well as international visitors engaged in various activities such as gambling, flights, and shopping (Ironside, 2017). Tourism is one of the many sectors considered as developing in most parts of the world. It is also true that tourism has some implications in economic dimensions such as the Gross Domestic Product and the development of local activities. According to one of the reports by world tourism council, in 2014, the global GDP had grown to more than $ 7.5 trillion accounting for 10% of the global GDP. Tourism sector alone generates 277 million jobs for the whole global economy. Increasingly, the sector is gr owing more than other dominating sectors that control GDP such as the manufacturing and banking among others. The growth of the tourism has facilitated to more jobs being created in both developing and developed nations either directly or indirectly (Ironside, 2017). Jobs in sectors such as transport and construction continue benefiting as a result of tourism development indirectly (Smith, 2017). The year 2013 saw more than 100 million jobs being created directly in tourism and travel around the globe. As such it is a small percentage of about 3% of the total rate of employment. It is approximated that one job is created indirectly when eleven jobs are created directly. According to this essay, the spiraling effects of tourism that are either direct or indirect are given a detailed description. According to Weaver and Lawton (2014), tourism not only impacts on employment directly but also indirectly. The multiplier effects of direct and indirect job creation are analyzed in this essay (Ironside, 2017). Also, a deep analysis of future careers is highlighted in this piece. Japan is one of the popular destinations due to its attractiveness as it is a combination of culture and traditional value is a perfect example to be used in this context. Tourism has been hailed due to the substantial contribution it makes in creating employment opportunities either directly or indirectly. Direct job creation refers to the impact created by tourism in generating jobs directly that are linked and related to tourism and hospitality and other relevant sectors such as travel agents, resorts and spas, and industries related to entertainment that engage tourism activities. It has been reported that tourism had significant direct effects on creating employment in Japan. Tourism created direct jobs related to tourism in 2014 and saw more than one million people get employed and that represented 1.8% of total employment. In 2015, the number had increased to 6% signifying an increase and saw more people getting engaged again in employment (Ironside, 2016). In 2025, it is expected and projected that the tourism industry will have grown by a margin of 0.7% on a yearly basis and jobs created directly will amount to more than 1.2 million people in less than a decade (Weaver and Lawton, 2014). According to the Australian Department for employment, jobs created directly by tourism are expected to be higher as compared to other sectors such as banking and finance. On the other hand, indirect jobs created by tourism involve the provision of goods and services such as transportation and manufacturing of culinary (Ironside, 2016). One indirect contribution of tourism is the supply chain created in distributing essential goods and services that support tourism such as food, drinks and equipment used in hotels and also accommodation facilities. In some countries nations such as Japan, it is estimated that for one million dollars created; it will have a profound effect of creating six direct jobs and nine indirect jobs (Turner, 2015). One job has a multiplier effect of creating three more jobs which are either indirect or induced. Tourism in a country such as Japan is critical as it is superior to other sectors such as agriculture, mining, and banking services in creating jobs. It is evident that tourism creates positive externalities by creating indirect jobs as well as enhancing that there are direct jobs related to tourism in Japan and also in a continent like Australia (Bulin, Miru and Ro?ca, 2014). Australia has shown potential as a prospective tourist destination in providing excellent customer service and fantastic tourist attractions. The growth of the economy depends on significant contributions made by the growth and development of tourism in the creation of jobs. As such, a future career for graduates in the field of tourism and hospitality in Australia is expected (Ironside, 2016). Some of the reasons behind such expectations and prospects are the fact that Australia has captivating and interesting destinations to offer compared to other parts of the world. Places such as natural beaches with white sands and clear waters are one of the attractions making tourists flock in a continent such as Australia (Hastings, n.d.). Australia also has unique creatures such as the Kangaroos in the dry land, jelly fish and the electric eel in the ocean are some of the amazing creatures in the tourist attraction list (Weaver and Lawton, 2014). Some historical events and culture are also part of tourist attractions. On the other hand, a country such as Japan is classified as a third world nation and as such comes handy in creat ing jobs both directly and indirectly in tourism and hospitality. Graduate students have more prospects if they understand English in countries such as Japan. Such jobs include translation jobs, tour guides, and managers in restaurants where tourists visit. In indirect employment, they are employed in sectors such as transport and supply chain in food and beverages. Japan has also been said to be a working environment and as such provides motivation for the youths to work harder. While tourism is experiencing growth, there are many opportunities awaiting meaning there are many jobs that will be created directly and indirectly in Australia (Weaver and Lawton, 2014). As such Australia provides many prospects for those taking studies in Tourism and hospitality management and as such it is a relief for many graduates internationally willing to work in a well-endowed country such as Australia. References Bulin, D., Miru, N. and Ro?ca, I. (2014). TOURISM INDUSTRY IN ROMANIA AND JAPAN A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS. [online] Available at: https://ftp://ftp.repec.org/opt/ReDIF/RePEc/rau/journl/FA14/REBE-FA14-A17.pdf [Accessed 18 Aug. 2017]. Hastings, W. (n.d.). 12 Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Australia | PlanetWare. [online] Planetware.com. Available at: https://www.planetware.com/tourist-attractions/australia-aus.htm [Accessed 18 Aug. 2017]. Ironside, R. (2016). The $4 billion expansion of Australias tourism industry. [online] NewsComAu. Available at: https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/asian-visitors-fuel-388-billion-tourism-boom-in-australia/news-story/da804cfa485e47b2fa7944eb9ada312a [Accessed 18 Aug. 2017]. Ironside, R. (2017). Tourism generating as much money as mining. [online] NewsComAu. Available at: https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/is-tourism-australias-most-lucrative-industry/news-story/36be54279607890e262e96444814f1ae [Accessed 18 Aug. 2017]. Smith, M. (2017). Australia braces for new tourism boom as flights surge. [online] Financial Review. Available at: https://www.afr.com/business/tourism/australia-braces-for-new-tourism-boom-as-flights-surge-20170706-gx6glx [Accessed 18 Aug. 2017]. Turner, R. (2015). Travel Tourism Economic impact 2015 Japan. [online] Available at: https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic%20impact%20research/countries%202015/japan2015.pdf [Accessed 18 Aug. 2017]. Weaver, D. and Lawton, L. (2039). Tourism management. Milton: Wiley. Weaver, D. (n.d.). Sustainable tourism

20 Criminology Research Paper Topics on Criminal Behavior

20 Criminology Research Paper Topics on Criminal Behavior If you are tasked with writing a research paper on the field of criminal behavior, there are many areas of study and theories for behavior which you can use as a topic. However, picking criminology research paper topics is still somewhat tricky given the massive amount of data out there. That being said, below is a list of 20 criminology research paper topics which you might find useful when writing your next paper: Why the Examination of Criminal Behavior Helps to Handle and Prevent Crimes How Criminologists can Reduce Types of Crime with Criminal Behavior How Criminologists can Reduce High Levels of Crime Studying Criminal Behavior The Validity of the Rational Choice Theory Why Rational Choice Theory is Invalid The Relationship between Social Disorganization Theory and Social Learning Theory How Prison Encourages Social Learning Theory The Validity of Social Disorganization Theory Why Social Disorganization Theory is Invalid The Relationship between Social Control Theory and Social Disorganization Theory How Social Control Theory is Influenced by Social Disorganization Theory The Validity of Self-Control Theory of Crime Why Strain Theory is Invalid The Validity of Social Learning Theory Why Social Learning Theory is Invalid The Scientific Validity of Labeling Theory The Influence of Evolutionary Rewards on Violent Crime How Mental Illness Encourages Criminal Behavior Harmful Brain Chemistry: How the Brain can Increase Crime The Biology of Criminal Behavior: Whether or Not it is All in the Genes Aren’t those interesting criminology research paper topics? Well that’s not all because this great piece of material is also accompanied by the criminology research paper facts and also a guide on this very topic and paper genre. Below you will find an example essay written on one of the topics from that list. Sample Research Paper: The Validity of Self-Control Theory of Crime The self-control theory of crime is a criminological theory which focuses on individual self-control as a factor behind the commitment of crimes. This theory suggests that people who weren’t parented for before they reach the age of 8 have less self-control compared to those who were parented well at the same age. However, there are correlations between levels of self-control and the impulse for criminal conduct. Originally this theory was developed by two criminologists but today has been subject to theoretical debate and other empirical literature which has expounded upon the ideas purported in this theory and claimed it to be limited in terms of understanding criminal behavior. Originally the theory of self-control was an idea stemming from bonding theory. This theory of self-control was based upon the observation of the behavior and age. By 1990 this theory had gained popularity because of its empirical observations.   The two theorists behind this idea recorded that self-control was an important factor behind people who commit crimes. Individual’s self-control is something which improves with age but can be influenced by socialization, the loss of control one might say, and changing biology as a result of hormonal development. Additionally, criminal acts might be short-sighted or opportunistic. This theory shares similar attributes to the theory of ego depletion. One which focuses on the idea that people are more highly motivated to satisfy their immediate desires and pleasures around. This theory can be traced to aspects of self-control from a psychological perspective.   It was Freud who established the idea of self-control through the reality principle and the pleasure principle. These two principles referred to the each person’s desires for immediate gratification and the ability of each person to delay that gratification. Individuals have to learn the necessity of delaying gratification, something which they are taught by their parents as they grow up. Part of the reason they must delay gratification was because of the obstacles they face in real life. Somebody wants to immediately have cash or a random purchase have to delay the gratification of that purchase based upon whether or not they have cash in their bank account. They cannot impulsively make a purchase if they dont have the money now or can acquire the money through illegal means. This is something which is taught by parents and based upon the self-control theory, taught by the age of 8.   Those individuals who are not effectively parented and are not taught that they must delay gratification based on the reality of their situation, are significantly more prone to committing certain crimes in order to obtain that gratification. Following these basic principles the idea of self-control refers to the ability of each person to delay immediate gratification in order to reach bigger goals. This can be compared to the idea of a child who wants money for candy but rather than stealing that money and enjoying immediate gratification from the candy, they delay that gratification so that they can stay out of jail and achieve all of their goals they have in mind which might later on lead to a lot of candy. This theory presents a loss of control and characteristic for criminal behavior something which can be acute or chronic.   Acute low self-control means that it is not typical of the individual and it is something which happens only once. This might happen when a child is incredibly hungry and chooses to steal a piece of candy due to the hunger, something which they would not normally do. But chronic low self-control is when an individual participates in such activities regularly, something which becomes a central component to their life. In addition to this, a some supporting theory states that self-control reduces in large groups and in large communities more so than in the individual. This is something colloquially referred to as peer pressure, in which an individual who might normally not exhibit low self-control is influenced by the loss of control of the individuals around them which leads to participation in group criminal activities. While this theory does have a strong foundation in psychology it is clearly not comprehensive enough to thoroughly understand and mitigate the high risk of criminal behavior.   It has been argued that the major weakness to this is the fact that self-control was not defined separately from the tendency to conduct crime. By not doing this individually, the authors suggest that low self-control and a propensity to engage in criminal activities are one and the same. References: Culliney, T.W. Notes On Predatory Behavi Our In Rhinacloa Forticornis (Hemiptera: Miridae ).  Curr. Agri. Res. Jour  2.1 (2014): 01-04. Web. Hagan, Frank E.  Introduction To Criminology. Print. Kudlac, Christopher S.  Fair Or Foul. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Praeger/ABC-CLIO, 2010. Print. Lee, Jason W and Jeffrey C Lee.  Sport And Criminal Behavior. Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press, 2009. Print. Walsh, A and Jonathan Bolen.  The Neurobiology Of Criminal Behavior. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Ltd, 2012. Print. Wasserman, David T and Robert Samuel Wachbroit.  Genetics And Criminal Behavior. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Print. Yaffe, Gideon. In Defense Of Criminal Possession.  Criminal Law and Philosophy  (2014): n. pag. Web.

European Exploration and Trade Essay Example

European Exploration and Trade Essay Example European Exploration and Trade Essay European Exploration and Trade Essay There was once a time in our history, before computerized maps and satellites and tracking programs. Sailors had to guide themselves by the stars and very basic and inaccurate maps. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries in Europe there was advancement in technology and learning that led to widespread exploration and trade among countries. The introduction of the compass, advancements in cartography, the printing press, and other inventions led to increased trade and exploration throughout Europe. Before the fifteenth century, sailors often didn’t venture far from what they knew because maps were extremely inaccurate and weather was unpredictable. In the fourteenth century a style of maps, called portolon charts, were introduced. These were pictures of harbors, ports, cities, and coastlines inscribed on sheepskin. These maps were valuable to the merchant and traders between cities, but to the explorer changing continents they were basically useless. The compass was also a major improvement to previous methods. Before this invention, sailors used the stars to navigate and stay on their somewhat planned course. However, during the day they were at a loss. When the compass was invented, it allowed sailors to know their bearing all the time. People soon learned to notice and pay more attention to weather patterns while sailing. They discovered the trade winds among the seas and noted where they were in relation to each other and what their effects on shipping were. The winds caused either a faster and smoother trip or a longer and rougher voyage, depending on the direction of the ship and the wind involved. This was an advancement to previous methods because they now knew what to expect and prepare for instead of guessing or being surprised. They could also plan routes and try new routes. This led to a period of time called the Age of Sail. The printing press was one of the biggest and most important inventions of this time period. Before, literature and documents were scarce and not very common. After the printing press was introduced, literary works and various types of documents were more available to the common person. This encouraged people to become more educated because they now had the means to do it. The printing press also had an effect on cartography. Because maps had to be either inscribed or drawn, they were rare and not very public. After the printing press, maps were able to be duplicated and shared with other cartographers. In doing this, they could compare their maps with other peoples and create a newer and more accurate representation of the land and sea. This caused people to become more sure and trusting of these maps, making them venture out further than they had before, thus increasing trade. The design and size of ships were also changing during this time. The Europeans began to incorporate the methods of other countries, such as China, into their own shipbuilding process. One change was the multiple sails on the ship which allowed for better upwind travel. The all-in-one rudder was also a major improvement because it allowed for easier and faster steering and better control and stability of the keel. All in all, various changes and improvements occurred during this time. Inventions and improvements such as map making, compasses, understanding of weather patterns, and the printing press were all factors in the increase in exploration and trade in Europe.

Evolution of Human Parental Care and Recruitment of Juvenile Help Research Paper

Evolution of Human Parental Care and Recruitment of Juvenile Help - Research Paper Example Cooperation between parents and juveniles The costs incurred in the raising of a child are high, and this is the reason parents opt for smaller families. The costs involved in this process tend to be high due to the investment in them and that they are free from any work. The cost of raising children in the pre industrial age was not as high since the children gave back to the society (Karen 54). Children receive assistance from their parents, and as so, their parents benefit from the assistance of their own children. The juvenility as such has a twofold nature of receiving and giving back. Juveniles both depend on their parents and at the same time help the parents. Young juveniles provide valuable childcare assistance to their siblings in many societies. The dependence and help from juveniles are some features that determine the modern human beings. Even, though, juveniles receive a lot of assistance from others, they also give back to by exchanging labor and resources with others more so those who assist them. Enlisting of juvenile help by the restructuring of parental investment to involve juveniles gives the humans an advantage (Royal society (Great Britain) 156). They are associated advantage to be able to both increase reproduction and increased offspring survival by incorporating interdependence at various ages. In the quantity-quality, trade off the determination of the quality of an offspring stems from the parental care given. The quantity or quality of resources allocated by the parent to the offspring is dependent on the ability of the parent to harness energy from the environment. The quantity-quality theory argues that if there are extra parental inputs these can affect the quantity or quality of the offspring by either direct allocation to the offspring quality and include food provision, childcare, all nursing, financial or other transfers. Extra parental inputs can also decrease the energy that the mother employs in providing and other activit ies leaving a metabolic stability for lactation and reproduction. Notwithstanding the physiological constraints in offspring production, quality of offspring is not necessarily a purpose of quantity. A juvenile who is not sexually mature to fit into the production class and not competing for mates does not fore go many costs. If the juvenile contributes in any way, directly or indirectly, and results in the reduction of the mothers energy employed the juvenile receives immediate fitness benefit and does not have to wait to maturity in order to benefit. According to Karen (88) division of labor celebrated as an age association as efficiency improves when inequities in return rates differ between tasks and individuals. When there is an adjustment of the level of investment by parents based on the availability of helpers, where help is sensitive to help accorded by juveniles then there can arise some changes. When the parents get helpers, they may increase their levels of investment an d retain the same level of care to the offspring’s and transferring the saved energy to the task of reproduction. The number of children might increase without necessarily reducing the survivorship or child quality unless the number of the helpers also decreases. If, on the other hand, the number of helpers increases due to the recruitment of juveniles, the parents then placed in a position to produce more children

Ethics in Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics in - Research Proposal Example And that the participants should have the choice to withdraw from the research. And most importantly the participants should have the opportunity to give voluntary, informed consent to whether they want to participate in the investigations. Immediately after World War II a consensus emerged about the ethical principles that should be followed in any research. One of the reasons for this was the Nuremberg War Crimes Trial that followed World War II brought to the notice of the public how scientists in Germany had used prisoners as subjects in experiments that were often gruesome. Such disclosures necessitated a reexamination of ethical standards. There emerged a consensus that human beings and animals must be protected from being used as guinea pigs. Contemporary medical and social research today requires that issues such as anonymity, privacy, confidentiality, fair treatment and protection from discomfort and harm that arise while participating in a research program are taken care of. Many regulations have been put forth by establishments to protect the rights of the research participants. Some of them are outlined by William M.K. Trochim (2006) 2. The principle of informed consent which requires that the participants must be fully informed about the procedures and risks involved in the research and must give their consent to participate in the research. 4. Researchers must protect the privacy and confidentiality of the participants. They must be assured that the information gathered from them will not be made available to anyone who is not directly involved in the research. Several reasons can be put forth to stress the importance of ethics in research. Ethics promote the aims of research like truth, knowledge and avoidance of error. For instance when you bar fabricating and falsifying of records or misrepresenting research data you are promoting truth. You are less likely to make errors. Research

Philosophy and theories Essay Example for Free

Philosophy and theories Essay Different philosophers have different ideas and theories. This has always been true. In this course, we looked at a number of different philosophers, including Russell, Christian, and Wittgenstein. Each has a unique perspective. Russell looks at philosophy as a very broad field, while others don’t. His definition places philosophy as ideas which fall between science and religion, which he says means it gets attacked from all sides. He also believes that religion has given answers which are too definite without any proof, and science tells people only what is actually true, while philosophy examines questions, to determine what might be true. Christian agrees in some areas. He, too, looks at philosophy as a way to examine questions, to figure out what is possibly true. He extends on this to say that one must also look at the relationships between ideas. He does not mention philosophy as having anything at all to do with religion and science, at least not in the way that Russell does. Wittgenstein believe something much more simple than either Russell or Christian. He looks at philosophy as â€Å"untying the knots† in one’s thinking. He looks at philosophy as answering questions, much like the others, but he doesn’t describe it in terms of religion and science like Russell, nor does he outline several different points as does Christian. Instead, he looks at philosophy as simply a way of thinking in order to understand what is going on (which he is careful to explain does not mean it is simple). In general, all these philosophers agree that philosophy is a way of thinking and of answering questions. However, they each disagree exactly where it came from and how it relates to the rest of the world. That is where philosophy is open to continued discussion.

Disney Techno-Nature Essays -- essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Disney Techno-Nature Like most Disney material, nature themes were incorporated into the earliest parks, including Adventureland, Frontierland, Nature’s Wonderland, and the newest, Animal Kingdom. Disney carefully edited these â€Å"natural† settings that show the less wild side of the wilderness. However, how does the tourist comprehend the illusions? How are the plants and animals adapting to reflect the illusion, and how are they accented by the interactions with both human nature and Disney’s technological nature? These questions and more will be answered within the following sections: Definitions, Technological Nature, Kilamanjaro Safari, and The Final Answer. The Animal Kingdom is a modern exhibit designed to follow the â€Å"natural pattern† of an African community. The most eye-popping attraction, the Kilamanjaro Safari, is an open-air, nearly barrier-free animal reserve at Florida’s Walt Disney World. It was a major shift from a cow playground to a zone of care for other wise caged animals. Here, African animals freely roam through acres of savanna, rivers, and rocky hills. The rider is advised to be aware, â€Å"You never know what could happen in the wilderness† (Tate 1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Definitions Before I can begin to consider the â€Å"nature† of the Animal Kingdom, the definitions of nature and technology must be established. Webster’s American College Dictionary lists nature as â€Å"the natural world as it exists without human beings or civilization.† In the case of the Animal Kingdom, this definition is inappropriate because Disney itself is a man-made civilization, with merchants, restaurants, and restroom facilities. Technology is defined as that â€Å"branch of knowledge that deals with applied science, engineering and the industrial arts.† This definition of technology can be reworked to fit the Disney model of nature. What exactly does Disney do? Disney applies technology to the Florida area. Technology has allowed for hundreds of acres of Florida land to be safely destroyed by means of controlled burning. With the help of technology, Disney has transported lonely zoo animals and put them in their â€Å"original† surroundings once again. Technology uprooted pieces of Africa to better care for African anim... ...hat make it real and separate it from the dangerous possibilities of nature. It is not to say that Disney’s Kilamanjaro Safari is naturalistically correct or incorrect; it is a representation, and not a reproduction of the true African savanna. How can nature be surpassed, you ask? Disney. That’s how. Works Cited Corliss, Richard. â€Å"Beauty and the Beasts.† Time Magazine; 20 April 1998:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  66-70. Gunther, Marc. â€Å"Disney’s Call of the Wild.† Fortune Magazine; 13 April 1998:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  120-124. King, Margaret J. â€Å"The Audience in the Wilderness: The Disney Nature Films.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Journal of Popular Film and Television 24.4 (1996): 60-68. Phillips, Dana. â€Å"Is Nature Necessary?† The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Literary Ecology. Eds. Cheryl Glotfelty and Harold Fromm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1996. 204-22. Mongeau, Lionel, former Disney Imagineer. Telephone interview.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  19 March 2000. Shklyanoy, Polina. â€Å"Out of the Bottle.† Advertising Age; 1 February 1999: 4.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Divided Thesis Essay

This year for school I have some goals that I would like to accomplish. As I am coming along to be a senior I have high expectations for myself. My three main goals for myself are to be on high honor roll, to be on varsity volleyball with a better attitude, and lastly be the first in my family in three generations to graduate from high school. Being on high honor roll for me would be really great because I have been on honor roll all my life but I have only been on high honor roll two or three times.With me only going to four classes it should not be to difficult to acquire a four point grade point average. I am capable of doing this but it is going to take work and in order for me to get some scholarships and financial aid for college I need those good grades. The second goal I would like to accomplish is playing varsity volleyball with a better attitude. I go to Jefferson High School and we do not have the best athletic programs so I get frustrated easily with how things are ran an d how my school deals with problems.Having a better attitude about playing on a team with girls that I love should be better than moping about loosing every game. After you loose three games you get down on yourself and it would make it a lot better for the team to stay positive. The last goal for my senior year is to graduate. If I graduate I will be the first one from my mom and dad to my great grandmother and grandfather to graduate high school.Yes I have had uncles graduate but I am the fourth generation and I need to graduate not only for my family but for me to go to college and further my education and better my life. Since I am the first to graduate in so many years I have a lot of responsibilities to under go during this year. These are goals that I should be able to accomplish and they are going to be done for me and my family to better my future and provide me with good options in life.

Negotiating Halls Caribbean Identity in Kincaids Annie John

Negotiating Halls Caribbean Identity in Kincaids Annie John In his article Negotiating Caribbean Identities, Stuart Hall attempts to relay to the reader the complications associated with assigning a single cultural identity to the Caribbean people. Even though the article is intended by the author to represent the Caribbean people as a splicing of a number of different cultures, the processes Hall highlights are noticeable on an individual scale in the main character of Jamaica Kincaids novel, Annie John. Annie Johns quest for self-identification leads her on a path strikingly similar to the one Hall describes. From Annies journey, the reader might be able to glean what Hall hopes to instill in his own readers when he writes,†¦show more content†¦Annie is literally her mothers daughter and her identity is completely based on her mothers actions. The mother-daughter relationship in Annies quest for identity has been a favorite topic for critics. H. Adlai Murdochs article, Severing the (M)other Connection, deals specifically with that relationship and its affect on Annies identity. Murdoch separates Annies growth into phases, the earliest of which being an intense attachment with and affinity for her mother that does not foreshadow the conflict to come. The critic writes that, There can be no doubt, then, of the extent to which Annie John identifies with and valorizes the maternal image at this stage (Murdoch 330). Indeed, it is obvious from the text that their relationship is powerful, though most critics would argue the validity of Annies perspective. The memory of the trunk and its contents, which the narrator seems to enjoy, Murdoch calls representations of Annies fragmented self and her need for self-identity and self-expression; they are put into place here as a symbolic depiction of Annie herself, and thus of the mothers enclosure containment, limitation, possession, and direction of her daughters life and identity(Murdoch 330). This view calls into question the narrators reliability concerning h er journey away from the mother-imposed identity into an identity of her own. This examination of her reliability will be a key element of the later portions